Year :
2024
| Month :
April
| Volume :
18
| Issue :
4
| Page :
BC01 - BC05
Comparison of Blood Biomarkers in Systemic Blood and Varicose Veins: A Cross-sectional Study
Kinjal P Patel, Nishant B Patel, Silky A Patel, Hely Bhaveshkumar Patel
1. Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Sankalchand Patel Vidyadham, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Sankalchand Patel Vidyadham, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Sankalchand Patel Vidyadham, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
4. MBBS Internship Department, L.G. Municipal General Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Correspondence Address :
Dr. Kinjal P. Patel,
5, Gayatri Nagar Society, Part 1, Behind Raj Kamal Petrol Pump, Near Mahashakti Ground, Mehsana-384002, Gujarat, India.
E-mail: drkinjal1687@gmail.com
Abstract
Introduction: Varicose Veins (VV) are enlarged, convoluted, and elongated veins that primarily affect the superficial veins in the lower limbs and are one of the most prevalent indications of vascular diseases. The reasons for elevated venous pressure are understood, but the inflammatory cytokines that initiate the ultimate pathways of tissue destruction and are in charge of the clinical characteristics of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) are yet unknown. Although inflammation plays a crucial role in the process of tissue apoptosis, it also plays a crucial role in tissue repair and regeneration.
Aim: To investigate changes in blood markers of varicose vein inflammation and endothelial damage and compare them with systemic markers in VV patients and conclude that they are increased in VV blood.
Materials and Methods: The comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry on 70 patients with primary VV who were scheduled for Outpatient Sclerotherapy at Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Sankalcahnd Patel Vidyadham in Visnagar, Gujarat, India from April 2021 to June 2023. Chronic lower extremity Venous Disease (CVD) was categorised using the Clinical Aetiology Anatomy Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification method. Blood samples were obtained above the knee from the tortuous and dilated varicose tributaries of the great saphenous vein (local) and from the antecubital (systemic) vein by standard venipuncture. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, haemoglobin, and haematocrit were determined using an automatic haematology analyser. D-dimer and High sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) were determined by an immune turbidimetric assay. IL-6 and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using commercially available kits according to the manufacturers’ instructions. An Independent samples t-test was used to compare group difference, and p-value ≤0.05 were considered significant in all two-sided statistical tests.
Results: Basic haematologic test results {systemic versus (vs) varicose blood samples} were comparable. In VV, the following parameters were significantly increased compared to systemic blood: Haemoglobin (12.85±1.81 g/dL vs. 15.82±1.57 g/dL, p<0.001), hsCRP (1.34±1.01 mg/L vs. 3.78±1.67 mg/L, p<0.001), IL-6 (2.65±1.07 pg/mL vs. 4.17±1.51 pg/mL, p<0.001), vWF (90.73±16.72% vs. 127.30±19.92, p<0.001). D-dimer was also substantially higher in samples extracted from leg VV than in systemic blood (105.87±17.72 ng/mL vs. 85.61±18.18 ng/mL, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Blood from VV has shown a higher level of several inflammatory markers and signs of endothelial dysfunction. This is most likely the result of worsening venous pressure and dilated, convoluted superficial veins that restrict blood flow. The procoagulant qualities of the local blood and damage to the venous wall, leading to a chronic inflammatory response, may accelerate the disease’s progression and thrombotic consequences.
Keywords
Chronic venous insufficiency, Endothelial damage, Inflammatory markers
DOI and Others
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2024/67598.19227
Date of Submission: Sep 18, 2023
Date of Peer Review: Dec 13, 2023
Date of Acceptance: Jan 23, 2024
Date of Publishing: Apr 01, 2024
AUTHOR DECLARATION:
• Financial or Other Competing Interests: None
• Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes
• For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. NA
PLAGIARISM CHECKING METHODS:
• Plagiarism X-checker: Sep 21, 2023
• Manual Googling: Dec 08, 2023
• iThenticate Software: Jan 20, 2024 (9%)
ETYMOLOGY: Author Origin
EMENDATIONS: 6
|